CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS3
Why?
Childhood and adolescence are a very important time for the formation of the skeleton. Calcium requirement is increased during this period. However, many young people do not have a proper breakfast, with its traditional variety of calcium-rich foods.
Low levels of vitamin D in children have been reported in studies worldwide, due in part to young peoples’ increasingly indoor lifestyles, pollution in urban settings, and use of sunscreen.
Which consequences?
Although rare in industrialized countries, severe vitamin D deficiency in children can lead to growth retardation and bone deformities known as rickets.
An inadequate bone health during youth result in an increased susceptibility to osteoporosis and fractures in later life
References:
3. Bess Dawson-Hughes, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleijan & Patricia Clark. Building strong bones in children and adolescents. International Osteoporosis Fondation. World Osteoporosis Day 2013.
WOMEN GOING THROUGH OR POST MENOPAUSAL PERIOD3
Why?
Oestrogen plays a vital role in regulating the bone turnover process throughout life. However, as women become oestrogen deficient when menses cease, bone resorption exceed bone formation and is associated with a decrease in calcium intestinal absorption and calcium kidney retention.
Which consequences?
One in three women over the age of 50 will suffer a fracture caused by osteoporosis.
References:
3. Bess Dawson-Hughes, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleijan & Patricia Clark. Building strong bones in children and adolescents. International Osteoporosis Fondation. World Osteoporosis Day 2013.
THE ELDERLY4
Why?
The elderly are often subject to malnutrition and reduced sunlight exposure.
In addition, their calcium intestinal absorption and calcium kidney retention are decreased, as well as, their capacity to synthetise vitamin D and convert it to its active form.
Which consequences?
Fractures due to osteoporosis are a major cause of pain, long-term disability and loss of independence among older adults, and can even result in premature death.
References:
4. Cyrus Cooper, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Catherine M. Gordon, René Rizzoli. Healthy Nutrition, Healthy Bones. International Osteoporosis Fondation. World Osteoporosis Day 2015.